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Voice vibration is one of the natural stimuli that causes physiological changes in plants. Recent studies have shown that sound waves stimulate the production of secondary plant metabolites, including flavonoids, to increase seed germination, flowering, growth or defense.
According to the following article, the role of acoustic stimulation in increasing secondary metabolites in the plant is evident.
Plants are sensitive to a wide range of environmental stresses, including salinity, heavy metals, drought, humidity, water pressure, temperature, light and sound. These environmental factors can affect plants on molecular, biochemical and physiological surfaces. Although plants do not have specialized sensory organs, they are excellent in the recognition of the external environment, including sound, sound vibrations are mechanical stimuli that are characterized by wavelengths (Hz, Hz), intensity (decibel, dB), speed and direction.
According to human perception, the sound is classified into three categories: acoustic or audio or normally in the range of 20 Hz to 20 kHz, humor (<20 Hz) and ultrasound (> 20 kHz). Plants understand sound in three ways:
Straight touch or vibration, dirt or blue environment, aerial environment
Sound perception is a great advantage for plants because there are sound waves in nature, move fast and are important sources of information. Its potential benefits include seed germination, pollination, biological or non -biological threats, overcoming environmental challenges and interactions between plants. Several studies have shown that physiological changes may be caused by sound stimulation, including gene expression, epithelical correction, germination, signaling, signaling. Among these changes, the production of secondary plant metabolites has recently attracted increasing attention. The plants produce a wide range of organic compounds, including primary and secondary metabolites.
Man can only hear the sound frequency in the range of 20-20 kHz, with relatively low sound intensity (70 dB). So far, there is not much information about the sound perception of plants, although it has been reported that the sound of the plants is 20-120 Hz and 20-100 kHz. The increasing number of evidence shows a variety of biological importance of sound in plants, for example, the plants "heard" the sound of groundwater and directed their root growth towards "achieving water resources." The plants "heard" the sound produced by the vegetarians. Plants "heard" noise caused by unauthorized stresses such as adverse weather (such as drought, heat) and increased the expression of related genes and proteins to increase their survival and growth. In addition, sound may also increase growth and performance, delay reached, and facilitate post -harvest management. Voice stimulation phenotypes include the following: seed germination, plant growth, crop production, safety defense, resistance to rough environment. How these physiological changes began by plants can be attributed to changes in molecular and biochemical levels. Sound regulates gene transcription, epigentic correction, protein activity, hormone signaling and metabolites. The activation of the immune system is usually associated with increased production of secondary metabolites in plants.
Increase in the growth rate and height of plants-positive impact on photosynthesis-improvement of stress resistance-Impact on germination process and root growth-effect on plant hormones production The most important effects of music are on enhancing and improving plant performance.
Music, especially classical music with mild frequencies, can be a positive stimulus for plant growth. Of course, the exact effect of music may depend on the type of plant, the intensity and type of music, and the duration of the contact.